'What is 'PHONICS'?' & 'How do we do it?'
Below are some techniques for doing PHONICS. There is a rough order for them to be attempted however many of the methods complement each other and can be done simultaneously, ie. You don’t have to wait until they have mastered one method before moving on to the next.
At a glance! Take a look at the cards we use to do Phonics to get a quick understanding.
1 - Learn the Alphabet song.
The 'Traditional' ABC song
Sing with gusto, for fun.
Sing the song!
Sing the alphabet song just for fun and to learn the melody. ‘El-Em-En-O-Py’ is fine at this stage.
Alphabet March
For little kids, choose a letter from the #CBS901# cards, then sing the Alphabet Song, while marching (one stomp per letter) up to that letter without going past it. Do, ‘El-Em-En-O-Py’ in ‘double-time’ for laughs.
Spiral Up
Sit in a circle, deal out all of the #CBS901# cards, in order, to the students. Now each student says/sings their letter(s). Rotate the cards (pass them to the left) to keep things fresh.
Know the names! Slap down.
Shuffle the #CBS901# cards, slap them down on the table, one by one and test the kids knowledge. Do it as a group, then individual, then as a group race.
One word for one letter.
A good start, is to have the students learn to associate one letter with one word as a reference, ‘b, b, b, banana’ etc. Play, ‘Karuta’, #SNG-21#, Spread the cards out, picture-side up, say “A”! The kids race to slap and retrieve the ‘apple’ card.
2 - Know the names and letters and the sounds they make.
The letter sounds song.
Spiral Up
Prelude to 'Nonsense words'
‘The Letter Sounds Songs’ teaches the NAMES and SOUNDS of the letters in sections eg. ‘A to G’, ‘H to N’ etc.. Concentrate on one section until the kids know it well, then move on. Use the ‘Spiral Up’ technique from above, eg. Place card (s) in front of each student. Use the song as a prompt. The teacher sings/ says “ ‘A’ makes …? ”, while pointing to the first student. The student says ‘Aaa’. Continue up to ‘G’ as per the song. If someone makes a mistake or forgets, start again at ‘A’ with that person. Then, using just the letters ‘A to G’ see if they can sound out some ‘words’. After a few weeks of ‘A to G’, move on to H to N.
The letter sounds song.
In-Action- Spiral Up
'In-Action- 'Nonsense words'
3- Upper and lower case letters and vowels.
Match upp and lower case letters
This video introduces an UPPER CASE letter then gives you a few seconds to spot its LOWER CASE equivalent.
Know the Vowels
Let them know that VOWELS are special. Much like ‘a,i,u,e,o’ in Japanese. Play, ‘The BOMB Game’ – #SNG-01# with the vowels as ‘bombs’, using the #CBS901# – PINK BACKED Phonics Cards.
4 - The short-vowel sound
Simple, 3-letter words.
1) Test their knowledge of the vocabulary by slapping the cards down picture-side UP.
2) Test their ability to read and ‘sound-out’ 3 letter words by slapping the cards down picture-side DOWN. Flip the cards to reveal if they are correct.
Nonsense Words - 'Sound out' the 2 parts of the word until the students can do it themselves.
1) Same ‘Head’ different ‘TAIL’. Eg.
‘Mmm’, ‘OT’ = ‘MOT’,
‘Mmm’, ‘AM’ = ‘MAM’,
‘Mmm’, ‘IN’,= ‘MIN.’
2) Same ‘TAIL’ different ‘HEAD’. Eg.
‘Mmm’, ‘OT’ = ‘MOT’,
‘Hhh’, ‘OT’ = ‘HOT’,
‘Rrr’, ‘OT’ = ‘ROT’.
Try the REVERSE too:
‘OT’, ‘Hhh’,= ‘HOT’,
‘OT’, ‘Pp’ = ‘POT’,
‘OT’, ‘Rrr’ = ‘ROT.’
5 - The long-vowel sound; 'Magic - E' and Polite Vowels.
The ‘long-vowel’ sound, is the sound a vowel makes when it says its own name. For example, the word ‘hat’ has the short-vowel sound and the word ‘hate’ has the long-vowel sound. This often occurs when the letter ‘e’ is at the end of the word, known as ‘Magic E’ and when 2 vowels are together (rain, lion) know as ‘Polite Vowels’. The rules for Polite Vowels’ is that, ‘When two vowels go walking, the 1st one does the talking and the 2nd one does the walking. Note that sometimes the letter ‘y’ acts as a vowel such as in the word, ‘play’.
5 - Consonant Diagraphs and Blends
Phonics is PHUN! Here’s where it gets interesting. The students will have to learn all the different sounds created by blending letters together. You’ll have to introduce the various sounds little by little and build them up over time.
Consonant Diagraphs
‘SH-’ as in, ‘ship, sheep, shop’, ‘CH-’ as in, ‘cheese, chicken, chimpanze’, ‘-TH’ as in ‘moth’ etc. More examples, ‘waTCH’, ‘dreSS’, ‘KNight’, ‘THree’, ‘duCK’, ‘diSH’, ‘riCH’, ‘PHone’ , ‘siNG’, ‘WHite’, etc.
Consonant Blends
‘Bl-’, ‘Cl-’, ‘Fl-’ as in, ‘BLack CLay FLower’. More examples, ‘TRee’, SKate’, ‘STar’, ‘SWan’, ‘TWelve’, ‘SKi’, ‘GLue’, ‘PLay’, ‘SLeep’, ‘BRown’, ‘CRab’, ‘DRaw’, ‘GRape’, ‘SPace’, ‘SQuid’, ‘SMall’, ‘FRog’, ‘SCReen’, ‘SPLash’, etc.
7 - The trouble makers! Vowel Diagraphs & Murmuring Vowels
These ‘bad boys’ don’t fit the regular ‘short/long’ vowel sounds. There’s no easy way around learning these other than just practice and sight recognition.
Vowel Diagraphs – #CBS-909#
Vowel Diagraphs
Crazy Vowel sounds that don’t fit the short/long vowel pattern. Sounds like, ‘oi’, ‘oo’, ‘or’ and ‘ow’. Eg. coin, oil, boy, toy, sauce, paw,
Murmuring Vowels – #CBS-910#
Murmuring Vowels
Vowels that make strange sounds when next to an ‘r’, Eg. girl, car, far, fern, fork, surf, herbs, dirty, first, corn, bird, park, turn,
8 - Blends
Of course, blends of all of these techniques are found in many words.
Blends – #CBS-911#
Blends
These cards highlight how phonics techniques can blend together to create words. For example, in the word ‘sleep’ we have the ‘sl’ Consonant Blend along with the ‘ee’ Polite Vowel.
9 - Yet to be made- Word Lists
Take the words from the Red and Black Phonics section, jumble them up and create numbered lists. Then lamainate them on A4 pages. Each student has to attempt to read 1 of the lists out.
Blends – #CBS-911#
Blends
These cards highlight how phonics techniques can blend together to create words. For example, in the word ‘sleep’ we have the ‘sl’ Consonant Blend along with the ‘ee’ Polite Vowel.
10 - Yet to be made- Sentences
Numbered, Random sentences written on a page. Students have to try and read them.
Blends – #CBS-911#
Blends
These cards highlight how phonics techniques can blend together to create words. For example, in the word ‘sleep’ we have the ‘sl’ Consonant Blend along with the ‘ee’ Polite Vowel.
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